Resonator chamber on intake tube.
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That's a branch of your helmholtz resonator. It's primary function is to dampen specific sound frequencies. Removing it will not trigger a check engine light or anything of the sort. Most aftermarket intakes do not have these chambers, and seem to work fine without them. In my opinion removing it is a waste of time, as most people cover the hole with either a filter or a plug. Both options have their draw backs. A filter will allow hot air from the engine to enter, and essentially rob air that would have more efficiently been propelled though the main resonator. A plug can obstruct flow and cause turbulence. Remember, parts were designed for a reason and no manufacturer decided to install millions of resonators if it wasn't for a good reason.
This is a great research paper that found, "The highest intake air mass flow rate was increased 31.5% when the resonator was tuned to the frequency of the system".
link.springer.com
Effects of variable-volume Helmholtz resonator on air mass flow rate of intake manifold - Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering
The application of geometric modifications to the intake manifold to improve engine breathing provides positive results using different strategies. Helmholtz resonators (HR) are one of the most basic acoustic models and are widely used in engineering applications. Most of the works presented in...
link.springer.com
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