08 - Electrical / 8E - Electronic Control Modules / COMMUNICATION / Description
DESCRIPTION
The primary on-board communication network between microcontroller-based electronic control modules in this vehicle is the Controller Area Network (CAN) data bus system. A data bus network minimizes redundant wiring connections; and, at the same time, reduces wire harness complexity, sensor current loads and controller hardware by allowing each sensing device to be connected to only one module (also referred to as a node). Each node reads, then broadcasts its sensor data over the bus for use by all other nodes requiring that data. Each node ignores the messages on the bus that it cannot use.
The CAN bus is a two-wire multiplex system. Multiplexing is any system that enables the transmission of multiple messages with modules over a single channel or circuit. In addition to the CAN bus network, certain nodes may also be equipped with a Local Interface Network (LIN) data bus. The LIN data bus is a single wire low-speed (9.6 Kbps) serial link bus used to provide direct communication between a LIN master module and certain switch or sensor inputs.
There are two separate CAN bus systems used in the vehicle. They are designated: the CAN-C, and the CAN-IHS. The CAN-C and CAN-IHS systems provide on-board communication between all of the nodes that are connected to them. The CAN-C system provides near real-time communication (500 Kbps) between more critical nodes; and the CAN-IHS system provides (125 Kbps) for less critical nodes.
The added speed of the CAN data bus is many times faster than previous data bus systems. This added speed facilitates the addition of more electronic control modules or nodes and the potential for more new electronic features in the vehicle.
The Body Control Module (BCM) or Central Gateway Module (CGW) is connected to the CAN-IHS and CAN-C buses. This gateway physically and electrically isolates the CAN buses from each other and coordinates the bi-directional transfer of messages between them. The BCM is located under the left hand side of the instrument panel.
08 - Electrical / 8E - Electronic Control Modules / COMMUNICATION / Operation
OPERATION
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The primary communication network between electronic control modules on this vehicle is the Controller Area Network (CAN) data bus system. The Controller Area Network (CAN) data bus allows all electronic modules connected to the bus to share information with each other. Regardless of whether a message originates from a module on the higher speed CAN C (500K) Bus or on the lower speed CAN Interior High Speed (IHS) (125K) Bus the message structure and layout is similar, which allows the Body Control Module (BCM) to be a Central Gateway to process and transfer messages between the CAN C and CAN IHS buses. The BCM also stores Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) for bus networking faults.
The CAN bus nodes are connected in parallel to the two-wire bus using a twisted pair, where the wires are wrapped around each other to provide shielding from unwanted electromagnetic induction, thus preventing interference with the relatively low voltage signals being carried through them. The twisted pairs have between 33 and 50 twists per meter (yard). While the CAN bus is operating (active), one of the bus wires will carry a higher voltage and is referred to as the CAN High or CAN bus (+) wire, while the other bus wire will carry a lower voltage and is referred to as the CAN Low or CAN bus (–) wire. Refer to the CAN Bus Voltages table.
The CAN-IHS bus network remains active until all nodes on that network are ready for sleep. This is determined by the network using tokens in a manner similar to polling. When the last node that is active on the network is ready for sleep, and it has already received a token indicating that all other nodes on the bus are ready for sleep, it broadcasts a bus sleep acknowledgment message that causes the network to sleep. Once the CAN-IHS bus network is asleep, any node on the bus can awaken it by transmitting a message on the network.
In the CAN system, available options are configured into the BCM at the assembly plant, but additional options can be added in the field using the diagnostic scan tool. The configuration settings are stored in non-volatile memory.
The BCM stores a Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) in one of two caches for any detected active or stored faults in the order in which they occur. One cache stores powertrain (P-Code), chassis (C-Code) and body (B-Code) DTCs, while the second cache is dedicated to storing network (U-Code) DTCs.